Join the Reading Public Museum for an exciting STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, mathematics) program for toddlers. Explore a different theme each week while having fun with your little beaker buddy.
Details:
•Program runs 9:30–11 a.m. every Monday.
•Pricing includes Museum admission, activities, and snacks.
•Reservation is required.
•Registration must be done at least 24 hours prior to event.
Program Pricing:
•$20 for Members (includes 1 adult & 1 child); $5 for each additional adult or child
•$25 for Non-Members (includes 1 adult & 1 child); $5 for each additional adult or child
Develop your child’s intellect through the royal game of chess! This camp will enhance your child’s motivation, concentration, social skills, and creativity.
■ No previous knowledge of chess is necessary.
■ Due to small group sizes, each child will receive plenty of personalized attention.
■ There will be a chess competition with prizes at the end of the camp!
■ Each participant will take home a chess set and a certificate.
■ Please don’t bring snacks.
* Camp registration deadline is 3 days prior to the start of the camp.
* Depending on the situation, the status of programs and events may change.
To get the most accurate information, please visit our website at www.cscamp.org.
Knowledge comes in many forms. Practical knowledge embodied in the crafts is different from knowledge deriving from some abstract understanding of a phenomenon. To change a car tire, for example, one needs direct instruction or hands-on experience, not any special knowledge of mechanics or the strength of materials. By rubbing sticks together or sparking flint into dry kindling, a scout can build a fire without knowing the oxygen theory (or any other theory) of combustion. And conversely, knowledge of theory alone does not enable one to change a tire or make a fire. It seems fair to say that Paleolithic peoples applied practical skills and practical knowledge rather than any theoretical or systematized knowledge to practice their crafts. More than that, Paleolithic peoples may have had explanations for fire without it being meaningful to speak about Paleolithic “chemistry”—for example, if they somehow thought they were calling a fire god or a spirit of fire in their actions. A major conclusion about Paleolithic technology follows from all this: to whatever small extent we may be able to speak about “science” in the Paleolithic, Paleolithic technologies clearly were prior to and independent of any such knowledge.
* flint 부싯돌 ** kindling 불쏘시개 *** Paleolithic 구석기 시대의
Living with and loving animals seems to have been common in many hunter-gatherer societies across the globe. Evidence for this can be found in reports from early European explorers, missionaries and, later, anthropologists, who describe the affection with which dogs and other animals in the households of peoples living as hunters, gatherers and horticulturalists were regarded. Among these peoples, keeping some animals for company, not food, seemed to be the norm rather than the exception; humans were unwilling to sell or give away their animals, and became consumed by grief when the animals were taken away from them by force. These attachments are seen as strange by the European authors who write about them, and who express amusement at the degree of affection so-called primitive peoples expressed towards animals. These accounts themselves suggest, however, that while attachments to animals were not widely accepted in Europe, they were nonetheless widespread elsewhere. Keeping animals as companions seems to be a widely practiced part of human life; it may be the European failure to do so until relatively recently that requires explanation.
In the US Presidential Election in 1936 between Alfred Landon and Franklin Roosevelt the Literary Digest sent out 10 million postcards asking people how they would vote. The magazine received almost 2.3 million back, and the result suggested that Landon was leading Roosevelt by 57% to 43%. A young pollster named George Gallup also did a survey but on a much smaller sample. He correctly predicted that Roosevelt would win easily. In the event Roosevelt went on to win with 60% against just 37% for Landon. The reason why the Literary Digest did so badly was that they used a directory of car owners and the telephone directory, which gave them a biased sample because only the better-off, who supported Republican Alfred Landon, had cars or telephones. Gallup had used a much more representative sample.
AlfredLandon과FranklinRoosevelt사이의1936 년미국대통령선거에서Literary Digest는사람들에게어떻게 투표할것인지묻는1,000만장의우편엽서를보냈다.그잡지는 거의230만장을돌려받았고,그결과는Landon이Roosevelt 를57퍼센트대43퍼센트로앞서고있다는것을보여주었다. 이름이GeorgeGallup인젊은여론조사가도또한설문조사 를했는데,훨씬더작은표본으로였다.그는Roosevelt가쉽게 이길것이라고정확하게예측했다.막상닥쳐보니Roosevelt 가Landon을찍은단지37퍼센트에맞서60퍼센트를얻어승 리하게 되었다. Literary Digest가 그렇게 형편없었던이유는 그들이자동차소유자의인명부와전화번호부를사용했다는것이 었는데,그것은공화당의AlfredLandon을지지했던부유층만 자동차나전화를가지고있었기때문에그들에게편향된표본을 주었다.Gallup은훨씬더대표적인표본을사용했다
Test 2-15)
The brain does not record reality like a camera; it constructs a representation of reality through analysis and synthesis of sensory information. Therefore, each person’s perception of any given event will be unique, which explains why people can have such differing memories of the same event. Even if the same sensory information is available to two different people, the unique history of each person’s brain will ensure that the final perception of each individual will differ, colored by variations in the individuals’ attention, memories, emotional states, etc. Moreover, the exact sensory information in any given event will never be identical for any two people because the position in space of each person’s body will necessarily differ. All these factors will continue to color the memory of the event at later times. This is well understood in legal contexts and is the reason that eyewitness testimony can be highly problematic.
* synthesis 종합 ** testimony 증언
뇌는카메라처럼현실을기록하지않고, 감각정보의분 석과종합을통해현실의표상(表象)을구성한다. 그러므로, 어떤 특정사건에대한각개인의인식은독특하기마련인데, 이것은 왜사람들이같은사건에대해그렇게다른기억을가질수있는 지를설명해준다. 같은감각정보를다른두사람이얻을수있더 라도, 각개인의뇌의독특한이력으로인해각개인의최종인식 은개인의관심, 기억, 감정상태등의차이에의해영향을받아 틀림없이다르게될것이다. 게다가, 어떤특정사건에서도정확 한감각정보는어느두사람의경우라도절대같지는않을것인 데, 왜냐하면각개인의신체의공간상위치가필연적으로다를 것이기때문이다.이모든요소는나중에계속해서그사건의기 억에영향을끼칠것이다.법률과관련된상황에서이것은익히 알려져있으며,목격자증언이매우문제가될수있는이유이다.
Test 2-16)
A children’s museum is an informal education setting which, unlike a school, is organized according to space, not time. Visitors follow their own interests for as long a time as their natural period of concentration lasts; they do not study in artificial time periods measured by ticking clocks and interrupted by bells. Children’s museums provide spatial frames rather than time frames. The importance of a learning environment organized by space is that it allows concentration and skill to develop. Imagine if American tennis great Billy Jean King when learning to play tennis had been constrained to five forty-five minute periods each week, and if, just as she was perfecting a serve, she had to put down her tennis racket and go to golf class. Would she ever have sharpened her skill? Yet, this is what we ask children to do when we mete out education into arbitrary periods. The organization of a learning environment by space, not time, is in effect a new paradigm for the structure of an educational environment. It is a paradigm for a structure in which concentration can be nurtured and learning can be contextual.
We all have common-sense views about our behaviour and that of others, sometimes termed ‘folk psychology’. The idea that we can provide explanations for our own behaviour is one such belief. It must be, because there is an opinion-polling industry based upon it. Pollsters not only ask people how they are going to vote in an election, for example, but also why. Or they ask how their opinions have been changed by recent events. There are many psychological studies which suggest that the answers to such questions will be unreliable. Folk psychology may hold that people act for conscious reasons which they can report, but the scientific evidence suggests otherwise. The tricky side of this is that people don’t know what they don’t know! One of the basic rules of psychology is that people will answer any silly question you put to them. That does not mean you should believe the answers.
It is not fair to say that biofuels have no future. As petroleum becomes more scarce and expensive we may find it essential to have modest quantities of alternative fuels available for certain purposes even if those alternatives are themselves expensive, in both monetary and energy terms. We will need operational emergency vehicles, agricultural machinery, and some aircraft, even if we have to subsidize them with energy we might ordinarily use for other purposes. In this case, biofuels will not serve as one of our society’s primary energy sources—the status that petroleum enjoys today. Indeed, they will not comprise much of an energy source at all in the true sense, but will merely serve as a means to transform energy that is already available into fuels that can be used in existing engines in order to accomplish selected essential goals. In other words, biofuels will substitute for oil on an emergency basis, but not in a systemic way.
* monetary 금전의 ** subsidize 보조하다, 보조금을 지급하다 *** systemic 전체에 영향을 주는
Sports entertainment is a discretionary expenditure that consumers make, meaning that buying tickets for a sporting event typically occurs after needs such as housing, food, and clothing are met. The nonessential nature of sports entertainment makes those expenditures a prime candidate for reduction or elimination when one’s discretionary income decreases. Spending on sports entertainment is more than paying for admission to the event. In some cases, the ability to purchase tickets could be tied to other outlays of money. For example, sales of football season tickets at the University of Alabama require donations to one of ten different levels or clubs in the university’s Tide Pride Club Program. Donation levels range from $80 to $1,500 per seat per year, depending on the location of the seat in Bryant-Denny Stadium. A multiple-expenditure commitment such as the one used by the University of Alabama or a requirement to purchase personal seat licenses, a strategy used by many professional sports franchises to raise revenues, adds to the total financial requirements one must make to attend a sporting event. The question is whether the financial outlay required to attend an event is offset by sufficient value to justify making the expenditure.
Trust is a skill that involves releasing conscious control over movements and allowing oneself to perform automatically. How would you react if we asked you to walk across a wide beam just above the ground? You would probably do so without a second thought. What if we asked you to walk across the beam again, but this time it was 100 feet (30 m) above the ground? Rather than trusting your walking ability, you would probably consciously try to keep your balance and focus on not falling, and this approach would make the task much more difficult. The same thing is true in sport. When competing, especially in major competitions, athletes desperately want to perform well and may start using controlled processing rather than trusting their training and skills. A pitcher may start “aiming,” or consciously try to throw a strike rather than letting himself throw automatically. A mountain biker may try to consciously control the bike when going through a technical section rather than letting it go naturally through the obstacles.