The Shaping Hands of Cities and Civilization - Sustainable Urban Planning
Sustainable Urban Planning
지속가능한도시계획
Urban planning is a process concerned with the use of land, the protection of the environment, and public welfare.
도시계획은토지의사용, 환경의보호, 공공복지와관련된과정입니다.
It is a valuable force for city leaders to achieve sustainable development.
이는도시의지도자들이지속가능한발전을달성하도록하는데에있어가치가큰동력입니다.
Urban planning helps cities make wise investments in infrastructure and services so that they can balance the demand for growth with the need to protect the environment.
It also helps cities ensure balanced economic development and creates a framework for collaboration between local governments, the private sector, and the general public.
For instance, nearly all of the houses contained bathing facilities, and the streets had both wells and drains.
예를들어, 거의모든집들이목욕시설을가지고있었고, 도로에는우물과하수도가있었습니다.
Along the banks of the Tigris River, where Mesopotamian civilization developed, the city of Nineveh also utilized urban planning.
메소포타미아문명이발달하였던티그리스강의강둑을따라, 니네베역시도시계획을활용하였습니다.
During the time that Sennacherib ruled, which lasted from 704 to 681 B.C., the city was redesigned so that its public squares were widened and its streets straightened to allow more light to enter.
The Hanging Gardens almost certainly functioned in a similar manner to modern-day green roofs, which filter dust, absorb carbon dioxide, and reduce heat.
Both examples from ancient times show the importance of water management system in urban planning.
고대로부터의두사례는도시계획에서용수관리의중요성을보여줍니다.
In more recent times, Georges-Eugène Haussmann renovated the city of Paris from 1853 to 1870.
더최근에, 조르주외젠오스만은1853년부터1870년에이르기까지파리를개조하였습니다.
He used special planning principles that included straight tree-lined boulevards, diagonal streets, squares, parks, and public monuments and buildings to open the city to air and light.
Haussmann's public works resulted in improved sanitation, the delivery of fresh water, and better human health, which is what had basically happened thousands of years earlier in Mohenjo-daro.
At roughly the same time, across the English Channel, people in the city of London, England, sought ways to fight the cholera epidemics that were affecting them.
In 1853 and 1854, more than 10,000 people in London were killed by the disease.
1853년과1854년에런던의만명이넘는사람들이그질병으로숨졌습니다.
Joseph Bazalgette, the chief engineer of the metropolitan board of works in the city, believed that the cause of the epidemics was the flowing of polluted water in the city's old sewers.
As long as the quality of water was poor, people continued getting sick.
수질이나쁘기때문에사람들은계속해서병에걸렸습니다.
Bazalgette promptly began working to improve both the sewers and the streets in London.
바잘게트는즉시런던의하수도와길거리를개선하기위해일을시작했습니다.
By 1866, most of the city was connected to a sewer network that he had devised, and there were great improvements in public health.
1866년까지도시의대부분은그가고안한하수관망에연결되었으며, 공공건강에큰향상이있었습니다.
During the nineteenth century, most people believed that as long as they were guaranteed a safe, clean city environment, there was no need for any more urban planning.
However, at the end of the century, Ebenezer Howard introduced the idea of a garden city, which was later to be regarded as the origin of the modern ecocity.
Inspired by the pollution, congestion, and social dislocation in industrial cities during his time, he sought to reunite people and nature to create a hybrid form connecting city and countryside.
Among the elements that he wanted to see added to cities was a ring that included a central park, circular roads, homes for individual families, individual neighborhoods, zones for specific land usage, vast open spaces, and a greenbelt.
Supporters of New Urbanism felt that architecture and landscape design should be developed from local history and climate as well as building practices.
It stressed small centers with multiple uses, walkability, buildings made the right sizes for humans, tree-lined streets, and adequate numbers of green spaces.
Its ecological approach sought to harmonize the neighborhood with the region.
이것의생태학적접근은근린주구와지역을조화시키려했습니다.
The cities of Bogotá and Medellín, both of which are located in the South American country of Colombia, have engaged in something called Social Urbanism.
Targeted, experimental interventions were made in both cities in an effort to improve both the environment and society.
목적을가진실험적개입이환경과사회모두를개선하기위한노력으로두도시에서시행되었습니다.
In Medellín, iconic libraries in parks were built, and the city's cable car system was expanded so that it connected the poorest areas of the city with the urban core.
The city's bus system was also paired with what became one of the most extensive networks of bicycle lanes in the entire world.
도시의버스체계또한전세계에서가장광범위한자전거전용도로망중하나가된것과연결되었습니다.
The principles and strategies of Social Urbanism show promise.
사회적도시주의의원칙과전략은성공가능성을보여주고있습니다.
They replace the big plans of previous urban planners such as Haussmann and Le Corbusier with small urban projects and make changes to the infrastructure that already exists.
The urban planning of today has its own issues that need special attention.
오늘날의도시계획은특별한주의를필요로하는자체적인쟁점들을가지고있습니다.
Among them are the renovating of poor areas, the protecting of cultural and natural heritage sites, the reducing of both economic and human loss during times of disaster, and the providing of access to green and public spaces.
By dealing with these and other issues, modern-day urban planners can create cities that cater to the needs of their residents with promises of a brighter future.